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Oenococcus oeni
''Oenococcus oeni'' (known as ''Leuconostoc oeni'' until 1995) is a Gram-positive bacteria species in the genus of ''Oenococcus''. It used to be the only species in the genus; in 2006, the species ''Oenococcus kitaharae'' was identified. As its name implies, ''Oenococcus oeni'' holds major importance in the field of oenology, where it is the primary bacteria involved in completing the malolactic fermentation.〔Kunkee, R. E. 1973. Malo-Lactic Fermentation and Winemaking. In, The Chemistry of Winemaking, Adv. Chem. Ser. 137, A. D. Webb, Ed. American Chemical Society. Washington DC.〕
==Diacetyl==
Diacetyl in wine is produced by lactic acid bacteria, mainly ''O. oeni''. In low levels it can impart positive ''nutty'' or ''caramel'' characters, however at levels above 5 mg/L it creates an intense ''buttery'' or ''butterscotch'' flavour, where it is perceived as a flaw. The sensory threshold for the compound can vary depending on the levels of certain wine components, such as sulfur dioxide. It can be produced as a metabolite of citric acid when all of the malic acid has been consumed. Diacetyl rarely taints wine to levels where it becomes undrinkable.〔Gibson, George; Farkas, Mike (Flaws and Faults in Wine ). URL accessed on 12 March 2006.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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